Environmental Science Chapter 3 the Dynamic Earth Concept Review Key

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The Dynamic Globe Chapter 3 Environmental Science

World Integrated system due north Rock • Geosphere due north Air • Atmosphere n Water • Hydrosphere northward Living things • Biosphere

Geosphere n n The solid part of the World including all rock, soils, sediments on the surface Scientists use seismic waves to report the geosphere. • Like borer a melon

Composition of the Geosphere north Crust • Sparse layer – less than 1% of Earth Oceans n Continents n n Mantle • Made of rock • 64% of the Earth n Core • Hot, dense rocks of nickel and iron • 35% of the Earth

Structure of the Geosphere n V layers based on physical properties • Lithosphere n Includes crust and upper part of mantle • Asthenosphere north Rocks in the mantle that allow continents to motility above it • Mesosphere n Lower layer of the mantle • Outer core n Dense, liquid layer • Inner core n Solid rock layer

Tectonic Plates • Pieces of the lithosphere that continents sit on • Glide on asthenosphere like water ice on a swimming • Figure 4 on folio 62 • Plate boundaries are where activity occurs & mount ridges form

Earthquakes due north Occur at a fault • A break in the Earth'southward chaff where they slide against each other. n Richter Scale • Measures magnitude (0 -10) northward The amount of energy released by an earthquake

Volcanoes n northward A mountain congenital from magma that rises to the Globe's surface The hot ash, dust and gases tin can pollute the environment A volcanic eruption can change the Globe'due south climate for several years. Volcanic ash can mix with water • Mudflow

Department 1 Consignment n northward Page 66 Department i Review #ane -5

Atmosphere due north n Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth Gases are constantly being added and removed • Example – Animals release carbon dioxide and take in oxygen, plants release oxygen and have in carbon dioxide

Limerick of the Atmosphere n Nitrogen • 78 % of the atmosphere northward Oxygen • 21 % of the atmosphere n Other Gases • 1% of the atmosphere • Includes argon, carbon dioxide, methyl hydride, water vapor n Atmospheric dust • Particles in the air made mainly of soil due north Besides includes salt, ash, pollen, leaner, aerosols

Layers of the Atmosphere n Troposphere • Closest layer to the Earth's surface • Well-nigh all atmospheric condition occurs here n Stratosphere • Almost all ozone (fabricated of iii oxygen atoms) is located here • Ozone absorbs UV radiation

Layers of the Temper n Mesosphere • Coldest layer northward Thermosphere • Layer located furthest from Earth's surface • Temperatures above 2000°C • Nitrogen and oxygen ions blot X-rays and gamma rays

Energy in the Temper north Energy transferred from the sun in iii means • Radiations n Transfer of energy from space to atmosphere • Conduction n Period of oestrus from warmer object to colder object • Convection n Transfer of oestrus through air currents

Heating the Atmosphere n due north n About half the energy from the sun reaches the Earth'due south surface. The residuum is captivated by clouds, dust or gases. Dark-colored objects blot more energy than calorie-free-colored objects.

Quick Lab n Page 70 n Answer the following questions: • By what mechanism is energy being transferred to the beakers? Explain your answer. • Make a line graph with the results of the experiment. • Page 72 – Department ii Review #half dozen Answer with a paragraph

Greenhouse Effect ane. 2. 3. iv. Sunlight enters the atmosphere and heats the Earth's surface The heat is radiated back into the temper Estrus is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere Heat is and then radiated back towards the Globe's surface. ** Earth would be also common cold to survive without the greenhouse consequence.

Greenhouse Gases northward Gases that trap and radiate heat • H2o Vapor • Carbon dioxide • Methyl hydride • Nitrous oxide

Quiz northward Information from Section 1 & 2

Hydrosphere n n Any water on or near the Earth's surface Water bike • Evaporation • Condensation • Precipitation northward Oceans • Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Chill

Sea Water n Salinity • Concentration of all the salts in ocean water • Salinity varies depending on evaporation and atmospheric precipitation n north Surface water is warm, deeper is cold due to no sunlight Oceans absorb heat from the sun which helps to regulate the temperature in the temper.

Layers of the Ocean n The layers are called temperature zones. • Surface Zone n Warm water (heated from the sunlight) • Thermocline Temperature falls rapidly with depth northward Cold water begins in this layer n • Deep Zone Lesser of the ocean n Temp around 2°C n

Ocean Currents n Surface currents • Streamlike movements at the surface • Created by the air current n Deep currents • Streamlike movements near the sea floor • Flows very slowly towards the equator

Fresh Water n n Only nearly 3% of all h2o River system Main river northward Tributaries n Land that drains into the river north n Groundwater • Collects cloak-and-dagger • Used for man and agronomical needs • Aquifers n Rock layers hugger-mugger that stores water

Biosphere n n Narrow layer on Earth's surface that supports life Life on Earth exists due to two factors • Water is continually recycled • Sunlight is readily available n Includes the following: • Upper part of geosphere • Most of the hydrosphere • Lower function of atmosphere

Energy Menses due north Closed system • Energy enters every bit sunlight • Affair does non enter n Plants utilize the sunlight to make their own nutrient • Earth is considered mainly a airtight system n Open system • Both energy and matter enter n Early on years of the World when matter was added through collisions of comets and meteorites with our planet

Section 3 Review n north Page 81 # 1 -6

Chapter Review northward n Page 83 -85 #half-dozen -xix, 21, 24 -25, 27, 32 -33, 34

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