Do I Need Parethetical Again After Citing Purdue Owl Mla Parentheticla Citaitn

Using Sources Correctly

53 Crediting and Citing Your Sources

When you summarize, paraphrase, or directly quote a source, you lot must cite it. Giving credit to the sources you used creating a text is of import, and useful, for several reasons:

1. It adds to your own brownie as an author by showing you have washed appropriate research on your topic and approached your work ethically.
2. It gives credit to the original author and their work for the ideas y'all found to exist useful, and in giving them credit it helps you avert unintentionally plagiarizing their work.
3. It gives your readers additional resource (already curated by you in your research process) that they can get to if they want to read further your topic.

Credit/Cite Your Sources

For academic piece of work, this more often than not means two things: in-text (or parenthetical) citation PLUS a "Works Cited" or "References" page. These two things may look dissimilar for dissimilar types of classes. For example, it's likely your writing grade will use Mod Language Association (MLA) format, while a psychology course is more probable to employ American Psychological Clan (APA) format.

The specific details required and the club in which they appear changes between dissimilar formats, but practicing one of them will give you a general idea of what most of them are looking for and volition go you accustomed to following a strict, detail-oriented procedure. All of the data we await at here is specific to MLA—the format you volition apply for your writing and some other humanities classes.

In-Text Citation/Parenthetical Citation

Both in-text and parenthetical citations include the writer'southward last proper noun and the folio number—or place in the source—the data came from (if applicative). Sometimes you tin can achieve in-text citation past mentioning the author or title of a source inside the language of your sentence, simply other times you'll utilise a parenthetical commendation. Parenthetical means that the citation appears in parentheses within your sentence or at the stop of it, earlier the menstruum.

• For example, an article written by Lisa Smith is in a concrete magazine and spans pages 38-42. If, on folio 41, she says, "While most studies have shown that Expo dry erase markers accept superior lasting ability, erasability, and colour saturation than other brands on the market, their higher cost is a business for some consumers," I might contain that into a paper like this:
  • By near measurable standards, Expo markers are clearly the favored option (Smith 41).

Still, you don't always need both components (terminal name and page number) in the parenthetical citation.

• If I introduced the source fabric in the sentence above a footling differently, introducing the author before delivering the material, I wouldn't need to repeat the author'south name in that aforementioned judgement in the parenthetical citation. In that case, my sentence would await something like this:
  • According to Lisa Smith, Expo markers are clearly the favored option by about measurable standards (41).

Three Ways to Cite or Identify Written Source Materials

1. Introduce the Author and/or the Title of the Source—Framing

By introducing the author or the textile, you make it articulate to the reader that what y'all're talking about is from a source. Hither's an example of a quotation that is identified by introducing the author and the title of source (which are underlined and are the beginning parts of the sentences).

In the commodity, "Training Poodles for Fun and Profit," Jonas Fogbottom explains, "Poodle preparation is a labour of honey. It takes years of practise to be good at it, but once learned, it's a fun and worthwhile career."

Here's an example of a paraphrase that is identified in the same manner:

In the article, "Grooming Poodles for Fun and Profit," Jonas Fogbottom says that although information technology takes a long fourth dimension to become a skilled poodle groomer, it's well worth the endeavour and leads to a good career.

Note that, in the example above, (1) if in that location are no page numbers to cite and (two) if the name of the author is signaled in the phrase that introduces the bit of source cloth, then there is no need for the parenthetical citation. This is an example of a situation where mentioning the author by name is the but in-text citation you'll need. And sometimes, if the name of the author is unknown, then you might only mention the title of the article instead. It will exist up to you, every bit a writer, to choose which method works best for your given situation.

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The first fourth dimension that y'all mention a source in your writing, y'all should e'er introduce the speaker and, if possible, the title of the source likewise. Annotation that the speaker is the person responsible for stating the information that you're citing and that this is not always the author of the text. For instance, an writer of an article might quote someone else, and you might quote or paraphrase that person.

Use the speaker'south full name (east.k., "According to Jonas Fogbottom . . .") the showtime time you introduce them; if you lot mention them once more in the paper, apply their concluding name merely (e.g., "Fogbottom goes on to hash out . . .").

2. Utilise Linking or Attributive Linguistic communication—Betoken Phrases

Using linking linguistic communication (sometimes called attributive language or indicate phrases) simply ways using words that evidence the reader yous are still talking about a source that you lot just mentioned.

For example, you might use linking language that looks something similar this:

1. The writer also explains . . .
2. Fogbottom continues . . .
3. The article states side by side that . . .
4. The data set also demonstrates . . .

By using this kind of linguistic communication, you make it clear to the reader that you're still talking about a source. And while you lot'll use this type of language throughout any researched essay whether yous're as well using parenthetical citations or not, as we mentioned above, sometimes this linking linguistic communication will be all you demand for in-text commendation.

CAUTION: Brand sure y'all use strong and respectful attributive language (indicate phrases).

• Avoid phrases like
  • Smith talks nigh…
    • What does Smith really argue ? (Also, if it is a written source, "talk" is not authentic.)
  • Johnson mentions…
    • Johnson probably put a lot of thought into their material; they do not merely "mention" evidence.
  • Moriarty writes about…
    • Sure, we can write "near" anything, but what are we arguing nigh the topic? If I say that I write "about" racial profiling, you all the same don't know what I'one thousand arguing about that.
  • Lake tries to…
    • Unless you are writing a critique or response, and your point is that Lake truly does not actually reach their purpose, don't say that authors simply "try" to argue but practise not attain information technology.
• Practice Apply stiff, respectful linguistic communication, such every bit in the 4 linking language examples higher up this textbox.

Permit'south look dorsum at the last Fogbottom instance from above the textbox, and imagine you wanted to add ii more sentences from the aforementioned source. The linking linguistic communication is underlined:

In the article, "Grooming Poodles for Fun and Turn a profit," Jonas Fogbottom tells us that, although it takes a long fourth dimension to become a skilled poodle groomer, it'due south well worth the attempt and leads to a expert career. Fogbottom explains that ane undergoes a dandy bargain of training in the fine art of canis familiaris and poodle preparation. The article points out that  there are many resources for people who desire to know more than about a dog grooming career.

Using the linking linguistic communication makes information technology admittedly clear to your reader that you are still talking about a source.

Whatever comes first in the Works Cited citation is what will go into the parentheses in a parenthetical citation. Most oft that item is an writer'southward final name, just sometimes it'south a title or abbreviated championship of an article or other blazon of text. This is some other good reason for starting by creating a Works Cited entry the moment y'all begin working with a source.

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iii. Parenthetical Citations

The parenthetical citation includes the writer'southward name and, if there is ane, a folio number. To learn more about parenthetical citation and see some examples, see the Purdue OWL article "MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics" (available from owl.english.purdue.edu).

Here's an instance:

(Fogbottom 16)

If in that location are two authors, list both (with a folio number, if bachelor):

(Smith and Jones 24)

If in that location are three or more authors, list the first author but and add "et al."* (with a page number, if available):

(Smith et al. 62)

*et al means "and others." If a text or source has iii or more authors, MLA fashion has us just list the get-go one with et al.

But my source doesn't have page numbers!

If y'all are using an electronic source or another kind of source with no page numbers, just leave the folio number out:

(Fogbottom)

If you lot're quoting or paraphrasing someone who was cited by the author of one of your sources, then that's handled a bit differently. For example, what if you quote Smith, but you found that quote in the article by Fogbottom. In this case, you should introduce the speaker (Smith) every bit described above, and then cite the source for the quote, like this:

(qtd. in Fogbottom)

Only my source doesn't have an author!

This happens sometimes. Many useful documents, similar regime publications, organizational reports, and surveys, don't list their authors. On the other hand, sometimes no conspicuously listed author can be a red flag that a source is not entirely trustworthy or is non researched well enough to be a reliable source for you lot.

If yous encounter a source with no writer, do look for other indicators that it is a practiced (or poor) source—who published it, does it have an appropriate list of references, is it electric current information, is it unbiased?

If you decide that this source is an appropriate source to apply, then, when you create your in-text citation for information technology, yous volition simply utilize the title of the source (article, chapter, graph, film, etc.) in the place where you would have used the author'southward proper name. If the title is long, you should abbreviate by list the first i or two words of it (with a page number, if available).

Permit'due south imagine yous're working with a paper article entitled, "What's New in Technology," enclosed in quotation marks to indicate that this is an commodity title, and with no known author. Here's what that would wait in a parenthetical citation:

("What'due south New" B6)

If there is no author and you lot're working with an electronic article, use the offset one or ii words in your parenthetical citation, again, enclosed in quotation marks. Allow's imagine you're working with a web article entitled, "Pie Baking for Fun and Profit" and with no author. Hither'due south what that would look in a parenthetical citation:

("Pie Blistering")

The parenthetical commendation should be added at the end of the judgement that contains the source material. Let'southward go back to the Fogbottom instance and see how a parenthetical citation would piece of work:

"Poodle preparation is a labor of love. It takes years of exercise to be good at it, just one time learned, information technology's a fun and worthwhile career" (Fogbottom).

Here's what information technology would wait like if we used it with a paraphrase instead of a quotation:

Although information technology takes a long time to become a skilled poodle groomer, it's well worth the effort and leads to a good career (Fogbottom).

Note that the citation is placed at the end of the sentence; the period comes afterwards the parentheses. Misplacing the menstruum is one of the nigh common formatting errors fabricated by students.

Using parenthetical commendation makes it articulate that a sentence comes from source fabric. This is the easiest way to cite or place your source materials.

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If using parenthetical citations is easy, why would we carp with using introduction or linking language to identify sources?

Practiced question! Only using parenthetical citations all the mode through your writing would exercise the job of citing the material, but it wouldn't read smoothly and would feel somewhat rough because every time a parenthetical citation popped up, the reader would be "stopped" in place for a moment. Using a combination of framing, signal phrases, and parenthetical citations makes the writing smoother and easier to read. It also integrates the source textile with the author'due south ideas. We call this synthesis, and it's part of the craft of writing.

Works Cited Entries

At the end of texts that accept drawn from existing sources, you will find a Works Cited page, which gives more than data than the parenthetical citations practice about the sources referenced in the work. The entries all follow a specific and consequent format so that it is easy for readers to observe the information they are looking for so that the shape and type of that information is consistent no matter who is writing the entries.

Until recently, the MLA required a slightly different format for every blazon of source—an entry for a Youtube video required certain data that was different from an entry for a volume that was different from an entry for an online article. The most recent version of MLA, though—MLA 8—has simplified this so in that location is just 1 format rather than many.

You can learn how to create works cited entries in MLA eight format, and run across an example, in the "Creating a Works Cited Page" appendix to this text.

Text Attributions

• This chapter was adapted from "Crediting and Citing Your Sources" in The Discussion on College Reading and Writing by Carol Burnell, Jaime Wood, Monique Babin, Susan Pesznecker, and Nicole Rosevear, which is licensed nether a CC By-NC 4.0 Licence. Adapted past Allison Kilgannon.

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Source: https://opentextbc.ca/advancedenglish/chapter/crediting-your-sources/

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